Vitreo Retinal Diseases – I

Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is the leading cause for significant vision loss in the patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR)1. The inflammation has been noted as the leading events in disease development. It is observed that the increased permeability of macular capillaries in the course of hypoxia leads to increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and release of inflammatory factors, including chemokines, cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, and prostaglandins.

A Simple treatment for the complex problem of a reopened(& persistent) macular hole. 

Diabetes Mellitus continues to be a major health burden all over the world. According to the latest data by the world health organisation, almost 422 million individuals are estimated to be suffering from diabetes mellitus.[1] The increasing trend towards unhealthy food practices, sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity can be attributed to this rise in the burden of diabetes mellitus.

To evaluate safety and efficacy of internal fixation of posteriorly  dislocated IOL in comparison with conventional technique.

Modern vitrectomy was introduced by Dr Robert Machemer in 1970, since then many improvements in surgical techniques and surgical instrumentation are continuously been developed.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease, predominantly affecting the central macula. It is a major ophthalmic concern across the globe and, with increased life expectancy coupled with growing risk factors particularly dietary habits, smoking, hypertension and obesity, incidence of AMD is expected to double by 2020.

To compare reflectivity and thickness  spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM), before and after ERM surgery.

To establish correlations between aqueous humour biomarker levels and various patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME) on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SDOCT) in patients with varied response to intravitreal pharmacotherapy.

To study the SD-OCT changes following macular hole surgery without gas tamponade in large stage 3 and 4 macular holes of mean base diameter (MBD) 1364µm.

To analyse indications,complications and outcomes of retro-fixated iris claw lens and scleral fixated lens.